Kerogeen: Van Kerogeen naar Olie en Gas Quiz

1. Which processes are involved during diagenesis?

Biochemical processes
Microbial processes
High-temperature thermal cracking
Catagenesis-related cracking

2. Which kerogen types are associated with significant oil generation potential?

Type I (Alginite)
Type II (Exinite)
Type III (Vitrinite)
Type IV (Inertinite)
Kerogen with inert properties

3. What does the Van Krevelen Diagram plot?

Hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratio
Oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio
Rock porosity versus permeability
Temperature versus pressure

4. During catagenesis, which processes occur?

Thermal cracking of kerogen molecules
Formation of oil and gas through chemical reactions
Formation of kerogen from organic matter
Microbial degradation of organic compounds

5. Which of the following describe the stages of thermal maturation?

Diagenesis (T < 60°C)
Catagenesis (T ≈ 60°C to 175°C)
Metagenesis (T > 175°C)
Eogenesis
Proagenesis

6. Which kerogen features are typical for organic matter derived from terrestrial plants?

Type I kerogen characteristics
Marine planktonic origin
Type III kerogen (Vitrinite)
Derived from cellulose and lignin
Associated with higher land plants
Type IV inert kerogen

7. Which factors influence the kinetics of kerogen transformation?

Temperature
Reaction time (duration)
Pressure variations
Catalyst concentration

8. During metagenesis, which of the following is true?

Kerogen transforms increasingly into graphite
Only dry gas (methane) is produced
Peak oil generation occurs
Liquid hydrocarbons are abundantly produced

9. What is the effect of hydrocarbon generation on the reservoir rock?

Increase in pore pressure
Formation of microfractures
Decrease in pore pressure
Creation of enhanced migration pathways
Reduction in reservoir porosity

10. Which temperature ranges correspond to catagenesis?

Early catagenesis: ~60-100°C
Peak oil generation (Olievenster): ~100-150°C
Late catagenesis (Gasvenster): ~150-175°C
Diagenesis: below 60°C
Metagenesis: above 175°C

11. Which statements about Type IV kerogen (Inertinite) are correct?

It has an extremely low H/C ratio
It is derived from reworked, oxidized organic material (e.g., charcoal)
It generates significant amounts of oil
It is considered inert with little to no hydrocarbon potential

12. Which factors can affect the oil window in a sedimentary basin?

Kerogen type
Temperature history and heating rate
Burial depth
Sediment color

13. How does the kerogen composition change during thermal maturation?

It loses oxygen as CO₂ and H₂O
It undergoes thermal cracking of large molecules
Its composition converges toward pure carbon (graphite)
It gains additional hydrogen and oxygen

14. What are the main events during early catagenesis?

Generation of heavy, complex hydrocarbons such as bitumen
Initial thermal cracking of kerogen begins
Immediate formation of dry gas
Rapid conversion to graphite

15. Which statements capture the essence of hydrocarbon generation in petroleum geology?

It follows temperature-dependent reaction kinetics
It increases pore pressure, facilitating microfracture formation
It occurs rapidly within days
It proceeds gradually over geological timescales
It is controlled solely by tectonic events